GKS 2232 4º: Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615)

Table of contents

0. Title page of the Nueva corónica (page 0)
1. The first new chronicle (1-13)
- The usefulness of this chronicle (1-3)
- Author's letter to the Pope (4)
- Letter from the author's father to the king (5-7)
- Author's letter to King Philip (8-10)
- Prologue to the Christian reader (11-13)
2. "How God ordained the writing of this book" (14-21)
- The origin of this said book (14-17)
- Father Martín de Ayala, a great and holy man (18-21)
3. The chapter of the ages of the world (22-32)
- The first age of the world: The first age of the world: Adam, Eve, and their descendants (22-23)
- The second age of the world: The second age of the world: Noah and the flood (24-25)
- The third age of the world: The third age of the world: Abraham and his descendants (26-27)
- The fourth age of the world: The fourth age of the world: from King David (28-29)
- The fifth age of the world: The fifth age of the world: the birth of Jesus Christ (30-32)
4. The chapter of the popes and their reigns (33-47)
- The origin and history of the papacy (33-41)
- The discovery of the Indies of Peru (42-45)
- Arrival of the Spanish in Túmbez (46-47)
5. The chapter of the ages of the Indians (48-78)
- The first age of the Indians, Vari Vira Cocha Runa (48-52)
- Prologue (52)
- The second age of the Indians, Vari Runa (53-56)
- Prologue (56)
- The third age of the Indians, Purun Runa (57-61)
- Prologue (62)
- The fourth age of the Indians, Auca Runa (63-78)
- Prologue (78)
6. The chapter of the Inkas (79-119)
- History of the first Inkas (79-82)
- The origin of the first generation of the Inkas (83-85)
- The first Inka, Manco Capac Inka (86-87)
- The second Inka, Sinchi Roca Inka (88-89)
- The birth of Jesus Christ, Savior of the world (90-91)
- The miracles that God performed in this kingdom (92-95)
- The third Inka, Lloque Yupanqui Inka (96-97)
- The fourth Inka, Mayta Capac Inka (98-99)
- The fifth Inka, Capac Yupanqui Inka (100-101)
- The sixth Inka, Inka Roca (102-103)
- The seventh Inka, Yahuar Huaca Inka (104-105)
- The eighth Inka, Viracocha Inka (106-107)
- The ninth Inka, Pachacuti Inka (108-109)
- The tenth Inka, Tupac Inka Yupanqui (110-111)
- The eleventh Inka, Huayna Capac Inka (112-113)
- The twelfth Inka, Tupac Cuci Hualpa Huascar Inka (115-116)
- To the readers of this chapter on the Inkas (119)
7. The chapter of the queens, or quya (120-144)
- The first quya, Mama Huaco (120-121)
- The second quya, Chinbo Urma (122-123)
- The third quya, Mama Cora Ocllo (124-125)
- The fourth quya, Chinbo Urma Mama Yachi (126-127)
- The fifth quya, Chinbo Ucllo Mama Caua (128-129)
- The sixth quya, Cuci Chinbo Mama Micay (130-131)
- The seventh quya, Ipa Huaco Mama Machi (132-133)
- The eighth quya, Mama Yunto Cayan (134-135)
- The ninth quya, Mama Ana Uarque (136-137)
- The tenth quya, Mama Ocllo (138-139)
- The eleventh quya, Raua Ocllo (140-141)
- The twelfth quya, Chuqui Llanto (142-143)
- Prologue to Andean female readers (144)
8. The chapter of the Inka’s captains and their noble ladies (145-183)
- The first captain, Inka Yupanqui (145-146)
- The second captain, Tupac Amaru Inka (147-148)
- The third captain, Cuci Uanan Chiri (149-150)
- The fourth captain, Maytac Inka (151-152)
- The fifth captain, Auqui Tupac Inka Yupanqui (153-154)
- The sixth captain, Otorongo Achachi Inka, or Camac Inka (155-156)
- The seventh captain, Maytac Inka (157-158)
- The eighth captain, Camac Inka (159-160)
- The ninth captain, Urcon Inka (161-162)
- The tenth captain, Challco Chima Inka (163-164)
- The eleventh captain, Rumiñavi (165-166)
- The twelfth captain, Guaman Chaua (167-168)
- The thirteenth captain, Ninarua (169-170)
- The fourteenth captain, Mallco Castilla Pari (171-172)
- The fifteenth captain, Malco Mullo (173-174)
- The first queen and lady, Poma Ualca (175-176)
- The second lady, Mallquima (177-178)
- The third lady, Umita Llama (179-180)
- The fourth lady, Mallco Guarmi Timtama (181-182)
- The captains salaried by His Majesty (183)
9. The chapter of the Inka’s laws (184-195)
10. The chapter of the general inspection, or census (195-236)
- The first age group of men, warriors of thirty-three years (195-197)
- The second age group, old men of sixty years (198-199)
- The third age group, old men of eighty years (200-201)
- The fourth age group, sick men of all ages (202-203)
- The fifth age group, messengers of eighteen years (204-205)
- The sixth age group, youths of twelve years (206-207)
- The seventh age group, boys of nine years (208-209)
- The eighth age group, boys of five years (210-211)
- The ninth age group, children of one year (212-213)
- The tenth age group, one-month-old infants (214-215)
- The first age group of women, weavers of thirty-three years (216-218)
- The second age group, old women of fifty years (219-220)
- The third age group, old women of eighty years (221-222)
- The fourth age group, sick women of all ages (223-224)
- The fifth age group, virgins of thirty-three years (225-226)
- The sixth age group, girls of twelve years (227-228)
- The seventh age group, girls of nine years (229-230)
- The eighth age group, girls of five years (231-232)
- The ninth age group, girls of one year (233-234)
- The tenth age group, one-month-old infants (235-236
11. The chapter of the months of the year (237-262) (See also ch. 37.)
- January, the greatest feast (238-239)
- February, month of donning precious loincloths (240-241)
- March, month of the maturation of the soil (242-243)
- April, the feast of the Inka (244-245)
- May, great search (246-247)
- June, rest from the harvest (248-249)
- July, month of the inspection and distribution of lands (250-251)
- August, month of turning the soil (252-253)
- September, the feast of the queen, or quya (254-255)
- October, the principal feast (256-257)
- November, month of carrying the dead (258-259)
- December, the festivity of the lord sun (260-261)
12. The chapter of the Idols (263-288)
- Idols and waqas of the Inka (263-264)
- Idols and waqas of the Chinchaysuyus (268-269)
- Idols and waqas of the Antisuyus (270-271)
- Idols and waqas of the Qullasuyus (272-273)
- Idols and waqas of the Kuntisuyus (274-275)
- The sorcerers of this kingdom (276-282)
- Superstitions and omens (283-285)
- Processions, fasts, and penitence (286-288)
13. The chapter of burials (289-299)
- Burials of the Inka (289-290)
- Burials of the Chinchaysuyus (291-292)
- Burials of the Antisuyus (293-294)
- Burials of the Qullasuyus (295-296)
- Burials of the Kuntisuyus (297-298)
- Burials of the Yungas (299)
14. The chapter of the Inka's chosen virgins (300-303)
15. The chapter of the Inka’s justice (303-316)
- Jails of the Inkas (303-307
- Punishment of adulterers (308-309)
- Punishment of youthful fornicators (310-311)
- Punishment of those who kill with poison (312-313)
- Various punishments (314-316
16. The chapter of festivals (317-329)
- Songs and music of the Inka (318-319)
- Feast of the Inkas (320-321)
- Feast of the Chinchaysuyus (322-323)
- Feast of the Antisuyus (324-325)
- Feast of the Qullasuyus (326-327)
- Feast of the Kuntisuyus (328-329)
17. The chapter of the Inka’s patrimony (330-341)
- The Inka's palaces, riches, and retinue (330-336
- The Inka's storehouses (337-338)
- Mutual obligations between the Inka and his subjects (340-341)
18. The chapter of the Inka’s government (342-369)
- The Inka's viceroy (342-343)
- The court magistrate (344-345)
- The chief law enforcement official (346-347
- Provincial administrator (348-349)
- Deputy provincial administrator, (350-351)
- Couriers of greater and lesser rank (352-353)
- Surveyers (354-355)
- Governor of the royal roads (356-357)
- Governor of the bridges (358-359)
- The Inka's secretaries (360-361)
- Chief accountant (362-363)
- Inspectors (364-365)
- Royal council (366-367)
- Prologue to Spanish Christian readers (368-369)
19. The chapter of the Spanish conquest and the civil wars (370-437)
- How the Indies of Peru were discovered (370)
- The first notice of Huayna Capac Inka of the approach of the Spaniards (371-372)
- The discoveries of the Pacific Ocean and the Río de la Plata (373-374)
- The first embassy, of Huascar Inka, in Túmbez (377-378)
- The burial of Huayna Capac Inka in Cuzco (379-380)
- The second embassy, of Atahualpa Inka, in Túmbez (381-385)
- Atahualpa Inka and Friar Vicente de Valverde in Cajamarca (386-387)
- Confrontation and massacre in Cajamarca (388)
- The imprisonment and execution of Atahualpa Inka (389-393)
- Spanish conquest, resistance of Manco Inka, and divine intervention (394-409)
- The first general inspection tour and the onset of the civil wars (410-411)
- The deaths of Pizarro and Almagro (412-413)
- The arrival of the first viceroy Blasco Núñez de Vela and the treason of Gonzalo Pizarro (416-418)
- The arrival of President Pedro de la Gasca (419-427)
- President La Gasca defeats and executes Gonzalo Pizarro (428-429)
- The revolt of Francisco Hernández Girón (430-433)
- Don Martín Guaman Malqui de Ayala gives battle to Francisco Hernández Girón (434-435)
- End of the rebellion against the crown (436-437)
20. The chapter of “good government” (438-490)
- Don Antonio de Mendoza, the second viceroy of Peru (438-439)
- Don Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, the third viceroy of Peru (440-443)
- Archbishop Juan Solano marries Sayri Tupac Inka and the Inka queen Doña Beatriz, quya (444-445)
- Don Francisco de Toledo, the fourth (actually, fifth) viceroy of Peru, and his government (446-450)
- The capture and execution of Tupac Amaru Inka (451-452)
- The general inspection of the Indians of this kingdom, by the author of this chronicle (455-459)
- The death of Don Francisco de Toledo (460-461)
- The conquest of the Antisuyus and the Chunchos (462-463)
- Don Martín Enríquez de Almanza, the fifth (actually, sixth) viceroy of Peru (464-465)
- Don Fernando Torres y Portugal, the sixth (actually, seventh) viceroy of Peru (466-467)
- Don García Hurtado de Mendoza, the seventh (actually, eighth) viceroy of Peru (468-469)
- Don Luis de Velasco, the eighth (actually, ninth) viceroy of Peru (470-471)
- Don Carlos Monterrey (actually, Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo), the ninth (actually, tenth) viceroy of Peru (472-473)
- Don Juan de Mendoza y Luna, the tenth (actually, eleventh) viceroy of Peru (474-475)
- Bishops and archbishops (476-477)
- Commissaries general (478-479)
- Inquisitor of the Holy Inquisition (480-481)
- Rector general of the Society of Jesus (482-483)
- Holy hermits (484-485)
- Abbesses and nuns of all religious orders (486-487)
- Government and church officials do not defend the Indians (488-489)
- Prologue to His Holiness and His Majesty, p. 490
21. The chapter of colonial Indian administration (491-560)
- How the royal administrators abuse the Indians (491-519)
- History of the lieutenants, judges, and notaries (520-529)
- The administration of the royal mines (529-537)
- The royal overseers (538-540)
- The itinerant Spaniards on the royal road (541-547)
- Spaniards, creoles, and mestizos (548-559)
- Prologue to Spanish itinerants, overseers, and merchants (559)
22. The chapter of the trustees´of Indians, or encomenderos (561-573)
- There is no legitimate trustee of Indians (561-564
- The harm done by the trustees of Indians (565-567)
- Trustees of Indians, “absolute lords” (568-572)
- Prologue to the trustees of Indians (573)
23. The chapter of the parish priests (574-688)
- Offenses and bad examples of the parish priests (575-583)
- The swapping of parishes between priests (584-586)
- Forced marriages of native parishioners (587-589)
- Bad confessions (590-592)
- Parish priests, “absolute lords” (593-595)
- The cruel punishments of parish priests (596-601)
- Abuses of authority, economic corruption, moral depravity (602-619)
- The mestizo offspring of the parish priests (620-622)
- Sermons of the priests of these kingdoms (623-626)
- The sacramental duties of parish priests (627-638)
- Exemplary parish priests and holy religious orders of this kingdom (639-652)
- Holy feasts to be observed in this kingdom (653-656)
- Arrogant friars of this kingdom (657-663)
- Offerings and masses required of the Indians (664-667)
- Procedure for petitioning justice (668-671)
- Prologue to the parish priests (672-674)
- The native assistants of the parish (675-688)
24. The chapter of the church inspectors (689-716)
- The inspection tour of Cristóbal de Albornoz (689-691)
- How to receive the church inspectors (692-697)
- Proposals for inspection reform (698-705)
- Levies for foodstuffs and livestock in this kingdom (705-707)
- Allegory of the authorities feared by the Indians (708-709)
- Ecclesiastical good government (710-714)
- Prologue to the illustrious reverends of this kingdom (713-714)
- Declaration of the author of this book and chronicle (714-716)
25. The chapter of the black Africans (717-725)
- Prologue to black men and women slaves (725)
26. The chapter of censure, reprimand, and satirical dialogues (726-740)
- Threats made against the Indians (726-727)
- Dialogues of the pretentious (728-731)
- Money-making schemes (732-740)
27. The chapter of the judgments of exemplary Christians (741-751)
- Judgments of notable gentlemen and captains of this kingdom (741-744)
- Judgments of most holy fathers of the church (744-747)
- Judgments of Father Martín de Ayala, the author’s brother (747-748)
- Judgments of the author’s father, Don Martín Guaman Malqui de Ayala (749-751)
- Prologue to readers who seek offices and advantages in this kingdom (751)
28. The chapter of the princes, native lords, and other hereditary, Andean ranks (752-805)
- Native princes, descendants of the Inkas of these kingdoms (-754)752
- Native lords (755-760)
- Native administrators of tributary Indians, (761-770)
- Queens, or quya, and wives of native lords (771-774)
- Denunciation of the native lords and recommendations for their reform (775-790)
- Native lords who set bad examples (790-805)
29. The chapter of local native administrators of this kingdom (806-833)
- Chief local magistrates of the municipal council (806-807)
- Local magistrates of the crown (808-813)
- Native administrators of resources (815-815)
- Native constables of greater and lesser rank (816-817)
- Town criers and executioners (818-819)
- Chief native attendants of the churches, confraternities, and hospitals (820-821)
- The royal administrator’s native lieutenant (822-824)
- Royal postal runners (825-826)
- The native scribe of the municipal court (828-832)
- Prologue to the native lords and administrators (832-833)
30. The chapter of the Indians of this kingdom (834-922)
- The good order and Christianity of the Indians of this kingdom (834-838)
- The prayers recommended for the Indians, (839-851)
- Required sacraments and good works of Christian Indians (852-860)
- Traditional laws of matrimony (861-862)
- Indigenous corvée labor, mita (862-863)
- Andean hunters (864-865)
- Various recommendations (865-869)
- Indian indolents, gamblers, and thieves (870-871)
- Imposters acting as native lords (872)
- Importance of cultivated lands (873-874)
- The need for Christian order (875)
- Ritual drunkenness (876-877)
- Horticulturalists (879-881)
- Why Indians abandon their villages (882-887)
- Indians who fail to keep God’s commandments (888-896)
- Native Andean astrologers (897-899)
- Proposals for reform (900-916)
- The author explains how he was able to write this said book (916-921)
- Prologue to Christian Indians (922)
31. The chapter of religious and moral considerations (923-973)
- The creation of heaven and earth, and the first Indians of this kingdom (924-929)
- Obedience in the time of the Inka and in the early years of conquest (930-932)
- The Christianity of the Indians and their mistreatment (933-938)
- The most Christian blacks, and the untrustworthy (939-941)
- Corruption of the Indians and the proliferation of mestizos (942-945)
- The grace of God, the Virgin Mary, and the saints (946-948)
- The presumption of Don Francisco de Toledo (949-951)
- The glory of heaven and the punishments of hell (952-961)
- The great majesty of the monarchs Tupac Inka Yupanqui and Philip III (962-969)
- Biblical history and Judgment Day (969-972)
- Prologue to the readers of the moral and religious considerations (972-973)
32. The chapter of Guaman Poma's dialogue with the king (974-999) [See also ch. 31., “The chapter of religious and moral considerations” pp. 944-948.]
- Prologue to King Philip III (998-999)
33. The chapter of this kingdom and its cities and towns (1000-1087)
- Mapa Mundi of the Indies of Peru (1000-1003)
- The city of Santa Fe de Bogotá (1005-1006)
- The city of Popayán (1007-1008)
- The city of Atres (1009-1010)
- The city of Quito, seat of the royal high court (1011-1012)
- The town of Riobamba (1013-1014)
- The city of Cuenca (1015-1016)
- The city of Loja (1017-1018)
- The city of Cajamarca, “city of Atahualpa Inka” (1019-1020)
- The town of Conchucos, silver mines (1021-1022)
- The town of Paita (1023-1024)
- The city of Trujillo (1025-1026)
- The town of Zaña (1027-1028)
- The town of Puerto Viejo (1029-1030)
- The city of Guayaquil (1031-1032)
- The city of Cartagena (1033-1034)
- The city of Panamá, royal high court and bishopric of the church (1035-1036)
- The city of Huánuco, “falcon and royal lion, waman puma” (10371038)
- The City of the Kings of Lima, royal high court, principal city of the kingdom of the Indies, residence of the viceroy, and archbishopric of the church (1039-1040)
- The town of Callao, port of Lima (1041-1042)
- The town of Camaná (1043-1044)
- The town of Cañete (1045-1046)
- The fishing town of Pisco (1047-1048)
- The town of Ica, of the best wines (1049-1050)
- The town of La Nasca, wine region (1051-1052)
- The town of Castrovirreina, silver mines (1053-1054)
- The town of Oropesa de Huancavelica, mercury mines (1055-1056)
- The city of Huamanga, “founded by the qhapaq apu Don Martín de Ayala” (1057-1058)
- The city of Cuzco, principal city and royal court of the twelve Inka kings of this realm, and bishopric of the church (1059-1060
- The city of Arequipa (1061-1062)
- The town of Arica (1063-1064)
- The rich imperial town of Potosí, where the crown and the church are defended by the Inka and his four kings (1067-1068)
- The city of Chiquisaca, royal high court and bishopric (1069-1070)
- The city of Chuquiyabo (1071-1072)
- The town of Misqui (1073-1074)
- The city of Santiago de Chile, bishopric (1075-1076)
- The native pukara and the Christian fortress of Santa Cruz de Chile (1077-1078)
- The city of Tucumán, bishopric (1079-1080)
- The city of Paraguay, bishopric (1081-1082)
- The provinces of these kingdoms (1083-1084)
- Prologue to the Christian readers who live in these kingdoms of the Indies (1085-1087)
34. The chapter of earlier chronicles (1088-1091)
35. The chapter of the nns, or tanpu, on the royal road (1092-1103)
36. The chapter of the author’s journey to Lima (1104-1139)
37. The chapter of the months of the year (1140-1178) (See also ch. 11.)
- The months of the year (1140)
- January, time of rain and digging up the earth (1141-1143)
- February, time of watching the maize at night (1144-1146)
- March, time of chasing parrots from the maize fields (1147-1149)
- April, maturation of the maize, time of protecting it from thieves (1150-1152)
- May, time of reaping, of gathering the maize (1153-1155)
- June, time of digging up the potatoes (1156-1158)
- July, month of taking away the maize and potatoes of the harvest (1159-1161)
- August, time of turning the soil (1162-1164)
- September, cycle of sowing maize (1165-1166)
- October, time of watching over the fields (1168-1170)
- November, time of watering the maize, of scarcity of water, time of heat (1171-1173)
- December, time of planting potatoes and uqa, tubers (1174-1176)
- Conclusion (1177)
- To the Christian readers of the world (1178)
38. Table of contents of the said chronicle (1179-1187)
39. Conclusion of the Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1188-1189)

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Drawing 358. The city of Guayaquil

1023 [1031]

LA CIVDAD DE GVAIAQVIL

/ ciudad /

CIVDAD