GKS 2232 4º: Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615)

Table of contents

0. Title page of the Nueva corónica (page 0)
1. The first new chronicle (1-13)
- The usefulness of this chronicle (1-3)
- Author's letter to the Pope (4)
- Letter from the author's father to the king (5-7)
- Author's letter to King Philip (8-10)
- Prologue to the Christian reader (11-13)
2. "How God ordained the writing of this book" (14-21)
- The origin of this said book (14-17)
- Father Martín de Ayala, a great and holy man (18-21)
3. The chapter of the ages of the world (22-32)
- The first age of the world: The first age of the world: Adam, Eve, and their descendants (22-23)
- The second age of the world: The second age of the world: Noah and the flood (24-25)
- The third age of the world: The third age of the world: Abraham and his descendants (26-27)
- The fourth age of the world: The fourth age of the world: from King David (28-29)
- The fifth age of the world: The fifth age of the world: the birth of Jesus Christ (30-32)
4. The chapter of the popes and their reigns (33-47)
- The origin and history of the papacy (33-41)
- The discovery of the Indies of Peru (42-45)
- Arrival of the Spanish in Túmbez (46-47)
5. The chapter of the ages of the Indians (48-78)
- The first age of the Indians, Vari Vira Cocha Runa (48-52)
- Prologue (52)
- The second age of the Indians, Vari Runa (53-56)
- Prologue (56)
- The third age of the Indians, Purun Runa (57-61)
- Prologue (62)
- The fourth age of the Indians, Auca Runa (63-78)
- Prologue (78)
6. The chapter of the Inkas (79-119)
- History of the first Inkas (79-82)
- The origin of the first generation of the Inkas (83-85)
- The first Inka, Manco Capac Inka (86-87)
- The second Inka, Sinchi Roca Inka (88-89)
- The birth of Jesus Christ, Savior of the world (90-91)
- The miracles that God performed in this kingdom (92-95)
- The third Inka, Lloque Yupanqui Inka (96-97)
- The fourth Inka, Mayta Capac Inka (98-99)
- The fifth Inka, Capac Yupanqui Inka (100-101)
- The sixth Inka, Inka Roca (102-103)
- The seventh Inka, Yahuar Huaca Inka (104-105)
- The eighth Inka, Viracocha Inka (106-107)
- The ninth Inka, Pachacuti Inka (108-109)
- The tenth Inka, Tupac Inka Yupanqui (110-111)
- The eleventh Inka, Huayna Capac Inka (112-113)
- The twelfth Inka, Tupac Cuci Hualpa Huascar Inka (115-116)
- To the readers of this chapter on the Inkas (119)
7. The chapter of the queens, or quya (120-144)
- The first quya, Mama Huaco (120-121)
- The second quya, Chinbo Urma (122-123)
- The third quya, Mama Cora Ocllo (124-125)
- The fourth quya, Chinbo Urma Mama Yachi (126-127)
- The fifth quya, Chinbo Ucllo Mama Caua (128-129)
- The sixth quya, Cuci Chinbo Mama Micay (130-131)
- The seventh quya, Ipa Huaco Mama Machi (132-133)
- The eighth quya, Mama Yunto Cayan (134-135)
- The ninth quya, Mama Ana Uarque (136-137)
- The tenth quya, Mama Ocllo (138-139)
- The eleventh quya, Raua Ocllo (140-141)
- The twelfth quya, Chuqui Llanto (142-143)
- Prologue to Andean female readers (144)
8. The chapter of the Inka’s captains and their noble ladies (145-183)
- The first captain, Inka Yupanqui (145-146)
- The second captain, Tupac Amaru Inka (147-148)
- The third captain, Cuci Uanan Chiri (149-150)
- The fourth captain, Maytac Inka (151-152)
- The fifth captain, Auqui Tupac Inka Yupanqui (153-154)
- The sixth captain, Otorongo Achachi Inka, or Camac Inka (155-156)
- The seventh captain, Maytac Inka (157-158)
- The eighth captain, Camac Inka (159-160)
- The ninth captain, Urcon Inka (161-162)
- The tenth captain, Challco Chima Inka (163-164)
- The eleventh captain, Rumiñavi (165-166)
- The twelfth captain, Guaman Chaua (167-168)
- The thirteenth captain, Ninarua (169-170)
- The fourteenth captain, Mallco Castilla Pari (171-172)
- The fifteenth captain, Malco Mullo (173-174)
- The first queen and lady, Poma Ualca (175-176)
- The second lady, Mallquima (177-178)
- The third lady, Umita Llama (179-180)
- The fourth lady, Mallco Guarmi Timtama (181-182)
- The captains salaried by His Majesty (183)
9. The chapter of the Inka’s laws (184-195)
10. The chapter of the general inspection, or census (195-236)
- The first age group of men, warriors of thirty-three years (195-197)
- The second age group, old men of sixty years (198-199)
- The third age group, old men of eighty years (200-201)
- The fourth age group, sick men of all ages (202-203)
- The fifth age group, messengers of eighteen years (204-205)
- The sixth age group, youths of twelve years (206-207)
- The seventh age group, boys of nine years (208-209)
- The eighth age group, boys of five years (210-211)
- The ninth age group, children of one year (212-213)
- The tenth age group, one-month-old infants (214-215)
- The first age group of women, weavers of thirty-three years (216-218)
- The second age group, old women of fifty years (219-220)
- The third age group, old women of eighty years (221-222)
- The fourth age group, sick women of all ages (223-224)
- The fifth age group, virgins of thirty-three years (225-226)
- The sixth age group, girls of twelve years (227-228)
- The seventh age group, girls of nine years (229-230)
- The eighth age group, girls of five years (231-232)
- The ninth age group, girls of one year (233-234)
- The tenth age group, one-month-old infants (235-236
11. The chapter of the months of the year (237-262) (See also ch. 37.)
- January, the greatest feast (238-239)
- February, month of donning precious loincloths (240-241)
- March, month of the maturation of the soil (242-243)
- April, the feast of the Inka (244-245)
- May, great search (246-247)
- June, rest from the harvest (248-249)
- July, month of the inspection and distribution of lands (250-251)
- August, month of turning the soil (252-253)
- September, the feast of the queen, or quya (254-255)
- October, the principal feast (256-257)
- November, month of carrying the dead (258-259)
- December, the festivity of the lord sun (260-261)
12. The chapter of the Idols (263-288)
- Idols and waqas of the Inka (263-264)
- Idols and waqas of the Chinchaysuyus (268-269)
- Idols and waqas of the Antisuyus (270-271)
- Idols and waqas of the Qullasuyus (272-273)
- Idols and waqas of the Kuntisuyus (274-275)
- The sorcerers of this kingdom (276-282)
- Superstitions and omens (283-285)
- Processions, fasts, and penitence (286-288)
13. The chapter of burials (289-299)
- Burials of the Inka (289-290)
- Burials of the Chinchaysuyus (291-292)
- Burials of the Antisuyus (293-294)
- Burials of the Qullasuyus (295-296)
- Burials of the Kuntisuyus (297-298)
- Burials of the Yungas (299)
14. The chapter of the Inka's chosen virgins (300-303)
15. The chapter of the Inka’s justice (303-316)
- Jails of the Inkas (303-307
- Punishment of adulterers (308-309)
- Punishment of youthful fornicators (310-311)
- Punishment of those who kill with poison (312-313)
- Various punishments (314-316
16. The chapter of festivals (317-329)
- Songs and music of the Inka (318-319)
- Feast of the Inkas (320-321)
- Feast of the Chinchaysuyus (322-323)
- Feast of the Antisuyus (324-325)
- Feast of the Qullasuyus (326-327)
- Feast of the Kuntisuyus (328-329)
17. The chapter of the Inka’s patrimony (330-341)
- The Inka's palaces, riches, and retinue (330-336
- The Inka's storehouses (337-338)
- Mutual obligations between the Inka and his subjects (340-341)
18. The chapter of the Inka’s government (342-369)
- The Inka's viceroy (342-343)
- The court magistrate (344-345)
- The chief law enforcement official (346-347
- Provincial administrator (348-349)
- Deputy provincial administrator, (350-351)
- Couriers of greater and lesser rank (352-353)
- Surveyers (354-355)
- Governor of the royal roads (356-357)
- Governor of the bridges (358-359)
- The Inka's secretaries (360-361)
- Chief accountant (362-363)
- Inspectors (364-365)
- Royal council (366-367)
- Prologue to Spanish Christian readers (368-369)
19. The chapter of the Spanish conquest and the civil wars (370-437)
- How the Indies of Peru were discovered (370)
- The first notice of Huayna Capac Inka of the approach of the Spaniards (371-372)
- The discoveries of the Pacific Ocean and the Río de la Plata (373-374)
- The first embassy, of Huascar Inka, in Túmbez (377-378)
- The burial of Huayna Capac Inka in Cuzco (379-380)
- The second embassy, of Atahualpa Inka, in Túmbez (381-385)
- Atahualpa Inka and Friar Vicente de Valverde in Cajamarca (386-387)
- Confrontation and massacre in Cajamarca (388)
- The imprisonment and execution of Atahualpa Inka (389-393)
- Spanish conquest, resistance of Manco Inka, and divine intervention (394-409)
- The first general inspection tour and the onset of the civil wars (410-411)
- The deaths of Pizarro and Almagro (412-413)
- The arrival of the first viceroy Blasco Núñez de Vela and the treason of Gonzalo Pizarro (416-418)
- The arrival of President Pedro de la Gasca (419-427)
- President La Gasca defeats and executes Gonzalo Pizarro (428-429)
- The revolt of Francisco Hernández Girón (430-433)
- Don Martín Guaman Malqui de Ayala gives battle to Francisco Hernández Girón (434-435)
- End of the rebellion against the crown (436-437)
20. The chapter of “good government” (438-490)
- Don Antonio de Mendoza, the second viceroy of Peru (438-439)
- Don Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, the third viceroy of Peru (440-443)
- Archbishop Juan Solano marries Sayri Tupac Inka and the Inka queen Doña Beatriz, quya (444-445)
- Don Francisco de Toledo, the fourth (actually, fifth) viceroy of Peru, and his government (446-450)
- The capture and execution of Tupac Amaru Inka (451-452)
- The general inspection of the Indians of this kingdom, by the author of this chronicle (455-459)
- The death of Don Francisco de Toledo (460-461)
- The conquest of the Antisuyus and the Chunchos (462-463)
- Don Martín Enríquez de Almanza, the fifth (actually, sixth) viceroy of Peru (464-465)
- Don Fernando Torres y Portugal, the sixth (actually, seventh) viceroy of Peru (466-467)
- Don García Hurtado de Mendoza, the seventh (actually, eighth) viceroy of Peru (468-469)
- Don Luis de Velasco, the eighth (actually, ninth) viceroy of Peru (470-471)
- Don Carlos Monterrey (actually, Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo), the ninth (actually, tenth) viceroy of Peru (472-473)
- Don Juan de Mendoza y Luna, the tenth (actually, eleventh) viceroy of Peru (474-475)
- Bishops and archbishops (476-477)
- Commissaries general (478-479)
- Inquisitor of the Holy Inquisition (480-481)
- Rector general of the Society of Jesus (482-483)
- Holy hermits (484-485)
- Abbesses and nuns of all religious orders (486-487)
- Government and church officials do not defend the Indians (488-489)
- Prologue to His Holiness and His Majesty, p. 490
21. The chapter of colonial Indian administration (491-560)
- How the royal administrators abuse the Indians (491-519)
- History of the lieutenants, judges, and notaries (520-529)
- The administration of the royal mines (529-537)
- The royal overseers (538-540)
- The itinerant Spaniards on the royal road (541-547)
- Spaniards, creoles, and mestizos (548-559)
- Prologue to Spanish itinerants, overseers, and merchants (559)
22. The chapter of the trustees´of Indians, or encomenderos (561-573)
- There is no legitimate trustee of Indians (561-564
- The harm done by the trustees of Indians (565-567)
- Trustees of Indians, “absolute lords” (568-572)
- Prologue to the trustees of Indians (573)
23. The chapter of the parish priests (574-688)
- Offenses and bad examples of the parish priests (575-583)
- The swapping of parishes between priests (584-586)
- Forced marriages of native parishioners (587-589)
- Bad confessions (590-592)
- Parish priests, “absolute lords” (593-595)
- The cruel punishments of parish priests (596-601)
- Abuses of authority, economic corruption, moral depravity (602-619)
- The mestizo offspring of the parish priests (620-622)
- Sermons of the priests of these kingdoms (623-626)
- The sacramental duties of parish priests (627-638)
- Exemplary parish priests and holy religious orders of this kingdom (639-652)
- Holy feasts to be observed in this kingdom (653-656)
- Arrogant friars of this kingdom (657-663)
- Offerings and masses required of the Indians (664-667)
- Procedure for petitioning justice (668-671)
- Prologue to the parish priests (672-674)
- The native assistants of the parish (675-688)
24. The chapter of the church inspectors (689-716)
- The inspection tour of Cristóbal de Albornoz (689-691)
- How to receive the church inspectors (692-697)
- Proposals for inspection reform (698-705)
- Levies for foodstuffs and livestock in this kingdom (705-707)
- Allegory of the authorities feared by the Indians (708-709)
- Ecclesiastical good government (710-714)
- Prologue to the illustrious reverends of this kingdom (713-714)
- Declaration of the author of this book and chronicle (714-716)
25. The chapter of the black Africans (717-725)
- Prologue to black men and women slaves (725)
26. The chapter of censure, reprimand, and satirical dialogues (726-740)
- Threats made against the Indians (726-727)
- Dialogues of the pretentious (728-731)
- Money-making schemes (732-740)
27. The chapter of the judgments of exemplary Christians (741-751)
- Judgments of notable gentlemen and captains of this kingdom (741-744)
- Judgments of most holy fathers of the church (744-747)
- Judgments of Father Martín de Ayala, the author’s brother (747-748)
- Judgments of the author’s father, Don Martín Guaman Malqui de Ayala (749-751)
- Prologue to readers who seek offices and advantages in this kingdom (751)
28. The chapter of the princes, native lords, and other hereditary, Andean ranks (752-805)
- Native princes, descendants of the Inkas of these kingdoms (-754)752
- Native lords (755-760)
- Native administrators of tributary Indians, (761-770)
- Queens, or quya, and wives of native lords (771-774)
- Denunciation of the native lords and recommendations for their reform (775-790)
- Native lords who set bad examples (790-805)
29. The chapter of local native administrators of this kingdom (806-833)
- Chief local magistrates of the municipal council (806-807)
- Local magistrates of the crown (808-813)
- Native administrators of resources (815-815)
- Native constables of greater and lesser rank (816-817)
- Town criers and executioners (818-819)
- Chief native attendants of the churches, confraternities, and hospitals (820-821)
- The royal administrator’s native lieutenant (822-824)
- Royal postal runners (825-826)
- The native scribe of the municipal court (828-832)
- Prologue to the native lords and administrators (832-833)
30. The chapter of the Indians of this kingdom (834-922)
- The good order and Christianity of the Indians of this kingdom (834-838)
- The prayers recommended for the Indians, (839-851)
- Required sacraments and good works of Christian Indians (852-860)
- Traditional laws of matrimony (861-862)
- Indigenous corvée labor, mita (862-863)
- Andean hunters (864-865)
- Various recommendations (865-869)
- Indian indolents, gamblers, and thieves (870-871)
- Imposters acting as native lords (872)
- Importance of cultivated lands (873-874)
- The need for Christian order (875)
- Ritual drunkenness (876-877)
- Horticulturalists (879-881)
- Why Indians abandon their villages (882-887)
- Indians who fail to keep God’s commandments (888-896)
- Native Andean astrologers (897-899)
- Proposals for reform (900-916)
- The author explains how he was able to write this said book (916-921)
- Prologue to Christian Indians (922)
31. The chapter of religious and moral considerations (923-973)
- The creation of heaven and earth, and the first Indians of this kingdom (924-929)
- Obedience in the time of the Inka and in the early years of conquest (930-932)
- The Christianity of the Indians and their mistreatment (933-938)
- The most Christian blacks, and the untrustworthy (939-941)
- Corruption of the Indians and the proliferation of mestizos (942-945)
- The grace of God, the Virgin Mary, and the saints (946-948)
- The presumption of Don Francisco de Toledo (949-951)
- The glory of heaven and the punishments of hell (952-961)
- The great majesty of the monarchs Tupac Inka Yupanqui and Philip III (962-969)
- Biblical history and Judgment Day (969-972)
- Prologue to the readers of the moral and religious considerations (972-973)
32. The chapter of Guaman Poma's dialogue with the king (974-999) [See also ch. 31., “The chapter of religious and moral considerations” pp. 944-948.]
- Prologue to King Philip III (998-999)
33. The chapter of this kingdom and its cities and towns (1000-1087)
- Mapa Mundi of the Indies of Peru (1000-1003)
- The city of Santa Fe de Bogotá (1005-1006)
- The city of Popayán (1007-1008)
- The city of Atres (1009-1010)
- The city of Quito, seat of the royal high court (1011-1012)
- The town of Riobamba (1013-1014)
- The city of Cuenca (1015-1016)
- The city of Loja (1017-1018)
- The city of Cajamarca, “city of Atahualpa Inka” (1019-1020)
- The town of Conchucos, silver mines (1021-1022)
- The town of Paita (1023-1024)
- The city of Trujillo (1025-1026)
- The town of Zaña (1027-1028)
- The town of Puerto Viejo (1029-1030)
- The city of Guayaquil (1031-1032)
- The city of Cartagena (1033-1034)
- The city of Panamá, royal high court and bishopric of the church (1035-1036)
- The city of Huánuco, “falcon and royal lion, waman puma” (10371038)
- The City of the Kings of Lima, royal high court, principal city of the kingdom of the Indies, residence of the viceroy, and archbishopric of the church (1039-1040)
- The town of Callao, port of Lima (1041-1042)
- The town of Camaná (1043-1044)
- The town of Cañete (1045-1046)
- The fishing town of Pisco (1047-1048)
- The town of Ica, of the best wines (1049-1050)
- The town of La Nasca, wine region (1051-1052)
- The town of Castrovirreina, silver mines (1053-1054)
- The town of Oropesa de Huancavelica, mercury mines (1055-1056)
- The city of Huamanga, “founded by the qhapaq apu Don Martín de Ayala” (1057-1058)
- The city of Cuzco, principal city and royal court of the twelve Inka kings of this realm, and bishopric of the church (1059-1060
- The city of Arequipa (1061-1062)
- The town of Arica (1063-1064)
- The rich imperial town of Potosí, where the crown and the church are defended by the Inka and his four kings (1067-1068)
- The city of Chiquisaca, royal high court and bishopric (1069-1070)
- The city of Chuquiyabo (1071-1072)
- The town of Misqui (1073-1074)
- The city of Santiago de Chile, bishopric (1075-1076)
- The native pukara and the Christian fortress of Santa Cruz de Chile (1077-1078)
- The city of Tucumán, bishopric (1079-1080)
- The city of Paraguay, bishopric (1081-1082)
- The provinces of these kingdoms (1083-1084)
- Prologue to the Christian readers who live in these kingdoms of the Indies (1085-1087)
34. The chapter of earlier chronicles (1088-1091)
35. The chapter of the nns, or tanpu, on the royal road (1092-1103)
36. The chapter of the author’s journey to Lima (1104-1139)
37. The chapter of the months of the year (1140-1178) (See also ch. 11.)
- The months of the year (1140)
- January, time of rain and digging up the earth (1141-1143)
- February, time of watching the maize at night (1144-1146)
- March, time of chasing parrots from the maize fields (1147-1149)
- April, maturation of the maize, time of protecting it from thieves (1150-1152)
- May, time of reaping, of gathering the maize (1153-1155)
- June, time of digging up the potatoes (1156-1158)
- July, month of taking away the maize and potatoes of the harvest (1159-1161)
- August, time of turning the soil (1162-1164)
- September, cycle of sowing maize (1165-1166)
- October, time of watching over the fields (1168-1170)
- November, time of watering the maize, of scarcity of water, time of heat (1171-1173)
- December, time of planting potatoes and uqa, tubers (1174-1176)
- Conclusion (1177)
- To the Christian readers of the world (1178)
38. Table of contents of the said chronicle (1179-1187)
39. Conclusion of the Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1188-1189)

1087 [1097]

/ TANBOS /

[globo] Caxamarca, ciudad y mezón rreal adonde estagua Atagualpa Ynga, adonde le prendieron y le mataron don Francisco Pizarro[casa] San Migel, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Caxa Pampa, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Guama Chuco, pueblo, tanbo rreal y casas de Guayna Capac Ynga [cruz] Tanbillo[casa] Tanbo Nuebo, pueblo, tanbo rreal[globo] Conchoco, uilla, tanbo rreal y minas de plata, mezón rreal[casa] Ciuas, pueblo, tanbo rreal[cruz] Quiro Pampa, tanbillo[casa] Pisco Pampa, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Guanca Bamba, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Guari, pueblo, tanbo rreal y casas de Guayna Capac Ynga [círculo] Pincos, tanbo rreal[cruz] Quinua, tanbillo [círculo] Tapa Raco, tanbo rreal[cruz] Guanoco biejo¹ y los baños, tanbillo, casas de Topa Ynga Yupanqui, padre de Guayna Capac Ynga [círculo] Tunsu Cancha, tanbo rreal[círculo] Ancas Mayo, tanbo rreal[círculo] Uarau, tanbo rreal[círculo] Bombom², tanbo rreal, puente de crisnexas del Ynga Topa Ynga Yupanqui [casa] Nina Caca, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Chinchay Cocha, pueblo, tanbo rreal[casa] Tarma, pueblo, tanbo rreal

¹ Huánuco Pampa, el centro administrativo incaico mejor estudiado hasta ahora, fue llamado “el viejo” desde 1540 cuando empezó la instalación de sus encomenderos en el valle de Pillkumayu o Huallaga.

² Bombon o Pumpu en quechua. De hecho es un centro administrativo, merecedor de un globo, según la leyenda de Guaman Poma, quien probablemente no lo vio. Un detalle, posiblemente explicativo de la menor categoría: a pesar de su tamaño, Pumpu no tiene edificios de piedras labradas al modo cuzqueño.

GKS 2232 4º: Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615)

Table of contents

35. The chapter of the nns, or tanpu, on the royal road (1092-1103) [1097]